Senior Secondary 2 | Chemistry

Action steps

1. Define the concentration of solutions in units of mol dm-3

2. Define standard solutions

3. Explain the relationship between concentrations and volumes of reacting substances

4. Mathematically express the relationship between the concentration in mol dm-3 and the volume of a solution

5. Carry out acid – base titrations using appropriate indicators

6. Carry out relevant calculations from titration results

7. Record correctly the results of calculated values of experiments to two decimal places

Action steps

1. Draw and explain the structure of water

2. Define the following concepts: solute, solvent, solution

3. Define solubility and state the rules of solubility in water

4. Explain factors that affect solubility

5. Explain the causes of hardness of water

6. Explain the methods employed in the removal of hardness

7. Explain methods used in purifying water

Action steps

1. List the constituents of air

2. List the percentage composition of gases in air

3. State the properties of air

4. Draw, label and explain the various zones of a flame

Action steps

1. Write and draw the electron configuration of hydrogen

2. Identify the isotopes of hydrogen and draw their electron configuration

3. Explain the unique position of hydrogen in the periodic table

4. Describe laboratory and industrial methods for the preparation of hydrogen

5. State the uses of hydrogen

Action steps

1. Explain the general properties of the oxygen group in the periodic table

2. Write and draw the electronic structure of oxygen and explain its bonding capacity

3. Describe laboratory and industrial methods for the preparation of oxygen

4. State the physical and chemical properties of oxygen

5. List the compounds of oxygen

6. Explain oxidation as addition of oxygen and give examples of such reactions

7. State the uses of oxygen

Action steps

1. Write the electronic configuration of halogens (Cl2, Br2, I2)

2. State the physical properties of halogens and their gradation down the group

3. State the chemical properties of halogens and their gradation down the group

4. List some compounds of halogens

5. State the uses of halogens

6. Describe the laboratory preparation of chlorine

7. Demonstrate the bleaching action of chlorine and adduce the reason for the bleaching

Action steps

1. State the general properties of group VA elements

2. Explain the laboratory preparation of nitrogen

3. Explain the industrial preparation of nitrogen from liquid air

4. List the properties of nitrogen

5. Outline the uses of nitrogen

6. List the oxides of nitrogen

7. Explain the nitrogen the cycle

8. Explain the Huber process for the preparation of ammonia

9. State the uses of ammonia

Action steps

1. State the general properties of group VIA elements

2. Write and draw the electron configuration of sulphur

3. Explain the meaning of allotropy

4. Identify the allotropes of sulphur

5. State the uses of sulphur

6. Name some common compounds of sulphur

7. Determine the industrial preparation of H2SO4 by the contact process

8. State the uses of H2SO4

Action steps

1. Define oxidation as addition of oxygen; removal of hydrogen; process of electron loss; and as process of increase of oxidation number of a substance

2. Define reduction as the reverse of any of the above processes

3. Calculate oxidation numbers of elements using a set of arbitrary rules viz

4. Use oxidation numbers to name inorganic compounds, to include the number of oxygen atoms and water molecules (if hydrated)

5. Determine the oxidation states number of common elements in their compounds

6. Define the terms oxidizing and reducing agents

7. Write and balance redox equations

Action steps

1. Explain the difference between electrovalent and covalent compounds, and the difference between electrolytes and non-electrolytes

2. Investigate the movement of ions in solution

3. Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes

4. Rank and explain the position of ions in the electrochemical series

5. Relate the order of ions in the electrochemical series to their rate of discharge from solu-tion

6. State the factors affecting the preferential discharge of ions

Action steps

1. Explain the quantitative aspects of electrolysis

2. Define electrolytes (strong, weak, fused/molten, non-electrochemical cells)

3. Differentiate between strong and weak electrolytes

4. Illustrate the electrolysis of acidified water, copper II sulphates and brines

5. Identify factors affecting the discharge of ions during electrolysis

6. Construct the electrolytic and electrochemical cells

7. State faraday’s laws of electrolysis

8. Calculate the amount of substances liberated or deposited at electrodes during electrolysis

9. Explain the uses of electrolysis in the extraction and purification of metals

Action steps

1. Explain the structure of carbon and its valency

2. Define hydrocarbon

3. Give examples of hydrocarbon and their structure

4. Explain isomerism and give examples

5. Explain homologous series as it relates to the physical and chemical properties of hydro-carbons

6. Distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon

Action steps

1. Relate the structure of alkanes to that of alkanols

2. Identify -OH as the functional group in alkanols

3. Explain the increase in boiling point of alkanols compared with hydrocarbons in terms of hydrogen bonding

4. Explain the polar nature of alcohols and its effect on the solubility substances

5. Determine the solubility of common materials in water and alcohols

6. Identify di, tri and polyhydroxy compounds by their structures and name them appro-priately